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近三十年来中国城市土壤有机碳变化对实现碳中和的启示

张真瑞, 夏星辉, 杨志峰

《工程（英文）》 2023年第28卷第9期页码 11-15 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.04.014

关键词： China city areas THE AUTHORS.Published behalf Company Engineering Education Press Academy carbon changes decades: Implications

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Effects of manufactured nanomaterials on algae: Implications and applications

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1554-3

摘要：

● Summary of positive and negative effects of MNMs on algae.

关键词： Manufactured nanomaterials Algae Mechanisms Effects Implications Applications

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Environmental applications and implications of nanotechnologies

Dongye ZHAO,Shubo DENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第5期页码 745-745 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0810-1

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Human pangenome: far-reaching implications in precision medicine

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1039-1

摘要： Human pangenome: far-reaching implications in precision medicine

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A potential solution for food security in Kenya: implications of the Quzhou model in China

Xiaoqiang JIAO, Jianbo SHEN, Fusuo ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 406-417 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020359

摘要： Poor soil fertility due to low nutrient inputs is a major factor limiting grain production in Kenya. Increasing soil fertility for crop productivity in China has implications for food security in Kenya. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the historical patterns of grain production, nutrient inputs, soil fertility and policies in Quzhou, a typical agricultural county on the North China Plain, and to compare grain production in Quzhou County and Kenya to identify a potential approach for increasing grain production in Kenya. Grain yields in Quzhou increased from 1 to 3 t·ha between 1961 and 1987 by increasing manure application accompanied by small amounts of chemical fertilizer after soil desalinization. There was a further increase from 3 to 5 t·ha up to 1996 which can be mainly attributed to chemical fertilizer use and policy support. Hence, a beneficial cycle between soil fertility and plant growth in Quzhou grain production was developed and strengthened. In contrast, there was only a slight increase in grain yields in Kenya over this period, resulting from low soil fertility with limited external nutrient inputs, a consequence of poor socioeconomic development. It is suggested that grain yields in Kenya would likely be boosted by the development of a self-reinforcing cycling between soil fertility and plant growth with manure and chemical fertilizer use if supported by policy and socioeconomic development.

关键词： China grain production Kenya soil fertility

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Achievements, challenges and global implications of China’s carbon neutral pledge

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1532-9

摘要： China has been committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. China’s pledge of carbon neutrality will play an essential role in galvanising global climate action, which has been largely deferred by the Covid-19 pandemic. China’s carbon neutrality could reduce global warming by approximately 0.2–0.3 °C and save around 1.8 million people from premature death due to air pollution. Along with domestic benefits, China’s pledge of carbon neutrality is a “game-changer” for global climate action and can inspire other large carbon emitters to contribute actively to mitigate carbon emissions, particularly countries along the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) routes. In order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, it is necessary to decarbonise all sectors in China, including energy, industry, transportation, construction, and agriculture. However, this transition will be very challenging, because major technological breakthroughs and large-scale investments are required. Strong policies and implementation plans are essential, including sustainable demand, decarbonizing electricity, electrification, fuel switching, and negative emissions. In particular, if China can peak carbon emissions earlier, it can lower the costs of the carbon neutral transition and make it easier to do so over a longer time horizon. China’s pledge of carbon neutrality by 2060 and recent pledges at the 26^th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) are significant contributions and critical steps for global climate action. However, countries worldwide need to achieve carbon neutrality to keep the global temperature from growing beyond the level that will cause catastrophic damages globally.

关键词： Carbon neutrality Carbon peak Renewable energy Negative emission Carbon capture Utilisation and storage Nature-based solution

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Gut microbiota and its implications in small bowel transplantation

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 239-248 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0617-0

摘要：

The gut microbiota is mainly composed of a diverse population of commensal bacterial species and plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, immune modulation and metabolism. The influence of the gut microbiota on solid organ transplantation has recently been recognized. In fact, several studies indicated that acute and chronic allograft rejection in small bowel transplantation (SBT) is closely associated with the alterations in microbial patterns in the gut. In this review, we focused on the recent findings regarding alterations in the microbiota following SBT and the potential roles of these alterations in the development of acute and chronic allograft rejection. We also reviewed important advances with respect to the interplays between the microbiota and host immune systems in SBT. Furthermore, we explored the potential of the gut microbiota as a microbial marker and/or therapeutic target for the predication and intervention of allograft rejection and chronic dysfunction. Given that current research on the gut microbiota has become increasingly sophisticated and comprehensive, large cohort studies employing metagenomic analysis and multivariate linkage should be designed for the characterization of host–microbe interaction and causality between microbiota alterations and clinical outcomes in SBT. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the role of gut microbiota in the development of allograft rejection and other transplant-related complications and introduce novel therapeutic targets and treatment approaches in clinical practice.

关键词： gut microbiota small bowel transplantation acute rejection chronic rejection mucosal immunity biomarker microbiota-targeted therapy

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The implications of planting mode on cadmium uptake and remobilization in rice: Field experiments across

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1431-5

摘要：

•Direct seeding (DS) method led to more distributed Cd in aerial parts of rice.

关键词： Cadmium Genotypes Growth stages Micro X-ray fluorescence Planting mode

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Ultramicrostructure and clinical implications of satellite foci in front of the head of pterygium

LIU Haixia, XIANG Nan, ZHOU Xiongwu, HU Weikun, LI Guigang, ZHANG Hong

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 211-214 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0040-4

摘要： In our previous studies, grey satellite foci were found in the front of heads of pterygia. This research was designed to investigate the ultramicrostructure and clinical implications of these satellite foci. The satellite foci were observed and counted under slit lamp biomicroscope. The patients with eye pterygia were divided into groups in terms of occupation, sex, age, length of history, grade of congestion, and size of the heads. The SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The cap areas and satellite foci were ultramicrostructurally examined. Among the total 62 eyes with pterygium, satellite foci were found in 34. The overall incidence of satellite foci was 54.8%. There were no significant differences in incidence among the subjects of different sex, age, and length of history. There were significant differences in incidence among the patients of different occupation, grades of congestion, and size of heads. Higher grades of congestion, outdoor occupations and larger pterygium heads were associated with higher incidence of satellite foci. High grades of congestion and bigger heads were also correlated with the number of satellite foci. Length of history bore no correlation with number of satellite foci. Histologically, the components of the cap areas and the foci were identical, with both consisting of mass of active fibroblasts. The activated fibroblasts existed in the natural tissue planes between Bowman s layer and basal cell layer. The fibroblasts in the satellite foci and the cap areas of a pterygium show some features of tumor cells and may play a vital role in the development and progression of a pterygium. The presence and amount of satellite foci around a pterygium can be used as an indicator for the speed of its growth.

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Energy transition toward carbon-neutrality in China: Pathways, implications and uncertainties

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 358-372 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0202-8

摘要： Achieving carbon neutrality in China before 2060 requires a radical energy transition. To identify the possible transition pathways of China’s energy system, this study presents a scenario-based assessment using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) model. China could peak the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions before 2030 with current policies, while carbon neutrality entails a reduction of 7.8 Gt CO₂ in emissions in 2060 and requires an energy system overhaul. The assessment of the relationship between the energy transition and energy return on investment (EROI) reveals that energy transition may decrease the EROI, which would trigger increased energy investment, energy demand, and emissions. Uncertainty analysis further shows that the slow renewable energy integration policies and carbon capture and storage (CCS) penetration pace could hinder the emission mitigation, and the possible fossil fuel shortage calls for a much rapid proliferation of wind and solar power. Results suggest a continuation of the current preferential policies for renewables and further research and development on deployment of CCS. The results also indicate the need for backup capacities to enhance the energy security during the transition.

关键词： carbon neutrality energy transition uncertainty EROI LEAP

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A ternary mechanism for the facilitated transfer of metal ions onto metal–organic frameworks: implications

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》页码 1632-1642 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2187-6

摘要： Although metal–organic frameworks offer a new platform for developing versatile sorption materials, yet coordinating the functionality, structure and component of these materials remains a great challenge. It depends on a comprehensive knowledge of a “real sorption mechanism”. Herein, a ternary mechanism for U(VI) uptake in metal–organic frameworks was reported. Analogous MIL-100s (Al, Fe, Cr) were prepared and studied for their ability to sequestrate U(VI) from aqueous solutions. As a result, MIL-100(Al) performed the best among the tested materials, and MIL-100(Cr) performed the worst. The nuclear magnetic resonance technique combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and zeta potential measurement reveal that U(VI) uptake in the three metal–organic frameworks involves different mechanisms. Specifically, hydrated uranyl ions form outer-sphere complexes in the surface of MIL-100s (Al, Fe) by exchanging with hydrogen ions of terminal hydroxyl groups (Al-OH₂, Fe-OH₂), and/or, hydrated uranyl ions are bound directly to Al(III) center in MIL-100(Al) through a strong inner-sphere coordination. For MIL-100(Cr), however, the U(VI) uptake is attributed to electrostatic attraction. Besides, the sorption mechanism is also pH and ionic strength dependent. The present study suggests that changing metal center of metal–organic frameworks and sorption conditions alters sorption mechanism, which helps to construct effective metal–organic frameworks-based sorbents for water purification.

关键词： U(VI) metal–organic frameworks adsorption mechanism metal node

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Physiological functions and clinical implications of the N-end rule pathway

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 258-270 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0458-7

摘要：

The N-end rule pathway is a unique branch of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in which the determination of a protein’s half-life is dependent on its N-terminal residue. The N-terminal residue serves as the degradation signal of a protein and thus called N-degron. N-degron can be recognized and modifed by several steps of post-translational modifications, such as oxidation, deamination, arginylation or acetylation, it then polyubiquitinated by the N-recognin for degradation. The molecular basis of the N-end rule pathway has been elucidated and its physiological functions have been revealed in the past 30 years. This pathway is involved in several biological aspects, including transcription, differentiation, chromosomal segregation, genome stability, apoptosis, mitochondrial quality control, cardiovascular development, neurogenesis, carcinogenesis, and spermatogenesis. Disturbance of this pathway often causes the failure of these processes, resulting in some human diseases. This review summarized the physiological functions of the N-end rule pathway, introduced the related biological processes and diseases, with an emphasis on the inner link between this pathway and certain symptoms.

关键词： N-end rule pathway Ate1 cardiovascular development neurogenesis spermatogenesis neurodegenerative disorders Johanson–Blizzard syndrome

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Cutting CO emissions through demand side regulation: Implications from multi-regional input–output linear

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 452-461 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0209-1

摘要： This study combines multi-regional input–output (MRIO) model with linear programming (LP) model to explore economic structure adjustment strategies for the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. A particular feature of this study is the identification of the optimal regulation sequence of final products in various regions to reduce CO₂ emissions with the minimum loss in gross domestic product (GDP). By using China’s MRIO tables 2017 with 28 regions and 42 economic sectors, results show that reduction in final demand leads to simultaneous reductions in GDP and CO₂ emissions. Nevertheless, certain demand side regulation strategy can be adopted to lower CO₂ emissions at the smallest loss of economic growth. Several key final products, such as metallurgy, nonmetal, metal, and chemical products, should first be regulated to reduce CO₂ emissions at the minimum loss in GDP. Most of these key products concentrate in the coastal developed regions in China. The proposed MRIO–LP model considers the inter-relationship among various sectors and regions, and can aid policy makers in designing effective policy for industrial structure adjustment at the regional level to achieve the national environmental and economic targets.

关键词： CO₂ emissions demand side regulation multi-regional input–output model linear programming model

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Cultural differences define diagnosis and genomic medicine practice: implications for undiagnosed diseases

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 389-394 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0281-3

摘要：

Despite the current acceleration and increasing leadership of Chinese genetics research, genetics and its clinical application have largely been imported to China from the Occident. Neither genetics nor the scientific reductionism underpinning its clinical application is integral to the traditional Chinese worldview. Given that disease concepts and their incumbent diagnoses are historically derived and culturally meaningful, we hypothesize that the cultural expectations of genetic diagnoses and medical genetics practice differ between the Occident and China. Specifically, we suggest that an undiagnosed diseases program in China will differ from the recently established Undiagnosed Diseases Program at the United States National Institutes of Health; a culturally sensitive concept will integrate traditional Chinese understanding of disease with the scientific reductionism of Occidental medicine.

关键词： genetics cultural differences undiagnosed diseases program

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Implications of static

John NSOR-ATINDANA, Maoshen CHEN, Liu WEI, Khin Myat NOE, Yue LI, Fang ZHONG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 340-350 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018209

摘要：

Interest in understanding the digestion behavior of starch in the presence of dietary fibers is growing due to the ability of dietary component to control the release and absorption of glucose. This presents an outstanding opportunity to improve the quality of food products by incorporating dietary fiber into starchy food products. The physicochemical properties of different fibers and their behavior in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) differ. To test the efficacy of these different fibers on starch digestion, static in vitro digestion models under conditions that mimic the human GIT are frequently used. Indeed, many efforts have been committed to the development of various static in vitro protocols for starch digestion. Though not considered as the gold standard in digestibility studies in food science and technology, static simulated models provide a useful alternative to in vivo techniques for rapid screening of the digestibility of food products under conditions that simulate the human GIT. This review presents the current status and development of digestion techniques for simulating digestion conditions in the human GIT, with particular interest on starch digestion in the presence of dietary fiber in the three phases of digestions including the oral, gastric and the intestinal steps. This summary can benefit investigators in developing static in vitro digestion models designed to simulate starch digestion with relevant values of the quantifiable parameters, including pH, enzymes and simulated digestive fluids.

关键词： dietary fiber in vitro digestion nutrition simulation starch